johnmarkharris.net

This is the end!

Below is the final vocabulary to round out BBG 320 vocabulary words!

You know know more than 80% of the word count of the New Testament (110,878 uses in the Greek NT).

Way to go! Make sure you know the vocabulary!!!

Here’s what will  be on the final exam!!!

• Vocabulary & mostly the most frequent words used in the New Testament (chapters 1-36)
• The Preposition Chart (see p. 343)
• The (Verb) Personal Endings Chart (see p. 187, and p. 352, just the endings i.e. -ω -εις -ει etc. attached to the word λύω, λύεις, λύει etc.)
• The (Noun/Adjectives) Case Endings Chart (see p. 346 at the top)
• The Indicative Verb Tense Formatives (see p. 354 – this will be matching just like Chapter 25 Test)
• The Participle Tense Formative & Morphemes (see p. 355 – this will be matching just like Chapter 29-30 Test)

Back to verbs, this time, Subjunctive verbs. The Subjunctive mood deals with “possibilities” (not “reality” like the Indicative mood).

When translating a subjunctive verb, start with “may/might” in front of it, then smooth out the english later.

The sign of the Subjunctive is the connecting vowel (the -ο- or -ε-) is lengthened (to an -ω- or an -η-)

There are only two Tenses for Subjunctive verbs, Present and Aorist.

For the Aorist Tense Identifiers (-σα- for active/middle and -θη- for passive) because the vowel is lengthened in the subjunctive the second letter (the vowel) disappears (so it’s only -σ- for active/middle and -θ- for passive).

If you see a ἵνα or ἔαν in a clause that’s a real clue there will be a Subjunctive. “In order that” and “if” deal with what “might” be.

ex: “The questioned Jesus IN ORDER THAT (ἵνα) they MIGHT TRICK (Subj.) him.” or “IF (ἔαν) you drink that, you MAY GET SICK (Subj.)”

Here’s a great subjunctive verb:

προσευχώμεθα

The vocabulary word is προσευχομαι so it’s a deponent verb (uses only the Middle/Passive endings) meaning “to pray”

Note that the connecting vowel -ο- has lengthened to an -ω- (so we know it’s Subjunctive) i.e. translate with “may” in front.

The ending is the First Person Plural -ομεθα (but with the long -ω- in stead of the short -ο-)

So, this is a Present Deponent Subjunctive Verb First Person Plural from προσευχομαι

Translation: “May we pray” or “Let us pray”

As long as you know your vocabulary, and you know the personal endings used by verbs, Subjunctive verbs are pretty easy to recognize.

Sometimes the connecting vowel is already lengthened, so the spelling is the same for Indicative and Subjunctive

Like λύω is the Present Active Indicative First Person Singular, and λύω is the Present Active Subjunctive First Person Singular.

Context will tell you the difference (look for the  ἵνα or ἔαν).

Not a lot of new information for these two chapters, but it rounds-out participles.

Remember that a Participle is a “Verbal Adjective” so it is based on the same root/stems as a Verb, but it modifies a Noun (head noun).

However, a Participle can function as a “Substantive” (just like an Adjective can), in which case there would not be a noun to modify, you have to supply it when making your English translation.

You will almost always, however, have a definite article that doesn’t go with anything else in the sentence as a clue.

To translate a Participle, start by adding an “-ing” to the end of the meaning of the verb on which it is based.

From there, if it’s present try adding “while” in front or “after” if it’s aorist or perfect.

For the Perfect Participle, it is “completed action” meaning it will be in the past, but the effects are still true (exactly like a perfect verb)

A Perfect ACTIVE Participle has -κ- added to it (remember the -κα- for Perfect Active Verbs) and then an -οτ- added as well. (-ντ- is usually the sign of the Active Participle, but in this case, the ν drops out, leaving the connecting vowel ο and τ to form -οτ-).

Just like verbs, there is reduplication at the start of the word, and then the usual case endings are on the end.

example: λελυκοτες (reduplication + stem + κ + οτ + case ending: λε+λυ+κ+οτ+ες)

For the Perfect Participle, it is translated “after having…” so λελυκοτες is “after having destroyed” – but you’ll want to smooth that out in your second pass into English.

See the master participle chart on page 283 in the book. This will tell you what you need to know for Participles.