Gen 9:5-6 “And I will require a penalty for your lifeblood; I will require it from any animal and from any human; if someone murders a fellow human (lit. “from the hand of a man his brother”), I will require that person’s life.
[6] Whoever sheds (sapak שָׁפַךְ) human blood (dam דָּם),
by humans his blood (dam דָּם) will be shed (sapak שָׁפַךְ),
for God made humans in his image.”
Exod 20:13; Deut. 5:17 “Do not murder (ratzach רָצַח)”
The 6th Commandment: “You shall not kill” is not the best. ratzach רָצַח = “unethical killing” (i.e. “murder”) not harag הָרַג “killing (in general)”
Matt 5:21, 19:18; Mark 10:19; Luke 18:20; Rom 13:9; Jas 2:11 (cf. Jas 4:2) “Do not murder (φονεύω)”
cf. Matt 25:35, Jas 5:6 φονεύω associated against the righteous
Eccl. 3:3 “a time to kill (harag הָרַג) and a time to heal”
Exodus 22:2 “If a thief is caught in the act of breaking in, and he is beaten to death (naka נָכָה – strike, beat, kill, murder), no one is guilty of bloodshed.”
Lev 24:17 “If a man kills (naka נָכָה) anyone, he must be put to death (mut מוּת)”
1Sam 17:50 “David defeated the Philistine with a sling and a stone. David overpowered (naka נָכָה) the Philistine and killed (mut מוּת) him without having a sword.”
Rom 13:1-7 Let everyone submit to the governing authorities, since there is no authority except from God, and the authorities that exist are instituted by God. [2] So then, the one who resists the authority is opposing God’s command, and those who oppose it will bring judgment on themselves. [3] For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the one in authority? Do what is good, and you will have its approval. [4] For it is God’s servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, because it does not carry the sword for no reason. For it is God’s servant, an avenger that brings wrath on the one who does wrong. [5] Therefore, you must submit, not only because of wrath but also because of your conscience. [6] And for this reason you pay taxes, since the authorities are God’s servants, continually attending to these tasks. [7] Pay your obligations to everyone: taxes to those you owe taxes, tolls to those you owe tolls, respect to those you owe respect, and honor to those you owe honor.
